Resource Hub

Tools, directories, and further reading for media development

This page brings together the practical resources behind the toolkit: interactive tools, funding opportunities, key reports and organizations, and the research that informed this project. If you’re new here, you may want to start with the Why It Matters page first.

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Press Freedom

Funding Opportunities

Annual Reports & Indexes

Reporters Sans Frontières
World Press Freedom Index

Ranks press freedom conditions in 180 countries across five indicators: political context, legal framework, economic context, sociocultural context, and safety.

Reuters Institute
Digital News Report

One of the most comprehensive global surveys of news consumption, trust, and willingness to pay. Covers media in 47+ countries annually.

Freedom House
Freedom on the Net

Tracks internet freedom across 70+ countries: censorship, surveillance, and online rights. Overlaps significantly with conditions for digital journalism.

UNESCO
World Media Trends

Global monitoring of press freedom, journalist safety, media pluralism, and the economic conditions facing news organizations worldwide.

WAN-IFRA
World Press Trends

Industry data on the global news publishing sector: circulation, revenue, digital growth, and market trends across 70+ countries.

Media Impact Funders
Foundation Maps for Media Funding

Interactive map of global philanthropic funding flows filtered for media. Track which foundations fund media development, where grants go, and how totals trend over time.

Local News Initiative
State of Local News Report

Successor to Abernathy's news deserts research. Tracks U.S. newspaper closures, news desert counties, and the shifting landscape of local news ownership.

Rebuild Local News
Local Journalist Index

Estimates the number of local journalists working in each U.S. state and congressional district. Essential data for the policy case.

Institute for Nonprofit News
INN Index

Annual survey of nonprofit news organizations in North America. Revenue trends, staffing, audience growth, and the financial health of the sector.

Key Organizations

International / Multilateral
International
UNESCO

UN agency leading on press freedom, journalist safety, and media development policy globally.

International
Council of Europe

Platform for the protection of journalism and safety of journalists. Monitors media freedom alerts across member states.

International
OECD

Cross-country research and policy recommendations on media pluralism, platform regulation, and news sustainability.

International
IFPIM

Multilateral fund supporting independent media in low- and middle-income countries. Backed by governments and foundations.

International
Forum on Information & Democracy

International initiative developing governance frameworks for the global information space. Home of the High-Level Panel.

International
WAN-IFRA

World Association of News Publishers. Industry body representing 18,000+ publications across 120 countries.

Press Freedom & Journalist Safety
Press freedom
Reporters Without Borders

Global press freedom advocacy. Publishes the annual World Press Freedom Index ranking 180 countries.

Press freedom
Committee to Protect Journalists

Defends press freedom worldwide. Tracks journalist imprisonments, killings, and legal threats.

Press freedom
International Press Institute

Global network of editors and media executives defending press freedom and promoting quality journalism.

Press freedom
Article 19

International organization defending freedom of expression and information. Named for Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Press freedom
PEN International

Global literary and free expression community. Campaigns for writers and journalists imprisoned or persecuted for their work.

Press freedom
Rory Peck Trust

Supports freelance journalists worldwide with grants, training, and emergency assistance in dangerous environments.

Press freedom
International Federation of Journalists

World's largest organization of journalists, representing 600,000 members in 140+ countries. Advocates for labor rights and press freedom.

Press freedom
GFMD

Global Forum for Media Development. Network of 200+ organizations coordinating media support, fundraising guidance, and sector advocacy.

Press freedom
International Media Support

Danish nonprofit supporting media in conflict zones and fragile states. Focuses on journalist safety, media law, and institutional capacity.

Research & Policy
Research
Reuters Institute

Oxford-based center publishing the annual Digital News Report, one of the most comprehensive global survey of news consumption and trust.

Research
Shorenstein Center

Harvard Kennedy School center studying media, politics, and public policy. Key research on local journalism sustainability.

Research
Tow Center for Digital Journalism

Columbia Journalism School center focused on technology, journalism, and digital media innovation.

Research
Nieman Foundation

Harvard-based foundation supporting journalism through fellowships, Nieman Reports, and the Nieman Journalism Lab.

Research
MJRC

Media and Journalism Research Center. European hub studying journalism startups, funding models, and public-interest media trends.

Research
PIJI

Public Interest Journalism Initiative. Australian research body tracking outlet closures and advocating for media policy reform.

Research
Center for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom

European University Institute center publishing the Media Pluralism Monitor across EU and candidate countries.

U.S. Local News & Advocacy
U.S. advocacy
Rebuild Local News

Coalition behind the LJSA. Tracks legislation and publishes the Local Journalist Index.

U.S. advocacy
Institute for Nonprofit News

Network of 450+ nonprofit newsrooms. Publishes the annual INN Index on sector health and growth.

U.S. advocacy
Local News Initiative

Northwestern research project tracking U.S. newspaper closures and news deserts. Successor to Abernathy's research.

U.S. advocacy
American Journalism Project

Venture philanthropy fund investing in local news organizations. Provides multi-year funding plus business strategy support.

U.S. advocacy
News Revenue Hub

Helps newsrooms build sustainable reader revenue through donations, memberships, and audience engagement strategy.

U.S. advocacy
LION Publishers

Local Independent Online News Publishers. Community and resources for independent digital news entrepreneurs.

Media Development Implementers
Implementer
BBC Media Action

BBC's international development charity. Uses media and communication to reduce poverty and support governance in 30+ countries.

Implementer
Deutsche Welle Akademie

Germany's leading media development organization. Supports journalists, media outlets, and regulatory frameworks in 60+ countries.

Implementer
Internews

International nonprofit supporting independent media in 100+ countries. One of the largest media development organizations globally.

Implementer
Free Press Unlimited

Dutch nonprofit supporting journalists and media in 40+ countries, especially in conflict zones and restrictive environments.

Implementer
CFI

Canal France International. French media development agency supporting journalism capacity in Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia.

Implementer
ICFJ

International Center for Journalists. Provides training, fellowships, and technology tools to journalists in 180+ countries.

Implementer
Thomson Reuters Foundation

Charitable arm of Thomson Reuters. Provides free legal assistance, journalism training, and coverage of under-reported stories.

Implementer
MDIF

Media Development Investment Fund. Provides loans, equity, and technical support to independent media in challenging markets.

Foundations & Philanthropy
Foundation
Luminate

Global philanthropic organization funding independent media, civic empowerment, and data rights.

Foundation
Knight Foundation

Major U.S. funder of journalism innovation, local news, and media technology research.

Foundation
Open Society Foundations

One of the largest private funders of independent media and press freedom organizations globally.

Foundation
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Funds media development as part of broader governance and global development work, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.

Foundation
MacArthur Foundation

Supports investigative journalism, press freedom, and media accountability through grants and the MacArthur Award for Creative and Effective Institutions.

Foundation
National Endowment for Democracy

U.S. Congress-funded foundation supporting democratic institutions worldwide, including independent media in restrictive environments.

Foundation
Craig Newmark Philanthropies

Craigslist founder's philanthropic fund. Major donor to journalism schools, press freedom organizations, and local news initiatives.

Foundation
Google News Initiative

Platform-funded program supporting newsroom innovation, digital skills, and revenue diversification globally.

Further Reading

News Deserts and Ghost Newspapers: Will Local News Survive?
Penelope Muse Abernathy, 2020
The Merits of Merit Goods: Local Journalism and Public Policy in a Time of Austerity
Christopher Ali, 2016
A Different Playbook for the Same Outcome? Google's and Meta's Strategic Responses to Australia's NMBC
Diana Bossio, Andrea Carson & James Meese, 2025
Getting Facebook and Google to Pay for News: Explaining Australia's News Media Bargaining Code
Andrea Carson, 2023
Artificial Intelligence in Journalism
Center for News, Technology & Innovation, 2025
Artificial Intelligence: Another Layer of Crisis for Journalism and Democracy
Wendy Collinson & Aidan White / Ethical Journalism Network, 2025
Solutions to America's Local Journalism Crisis: Consolidated Literature Review
Craig Forman / Shorenstein Center, 2021
Newsroom Jobs and Employment in the US: 10 Charts About the Industry
Elizabeth Grieco / Pew Research Center, 2020
The Economic Imperative of Investing in Public Interest Media
High-Level Panel / Forum on Information & Democracy, 2025
2024 Annual Report
International Fund for Public Interest Media, 2025
Changing the Beat? Local Online Newsmaking in Finland, France, Germany, Portugal, and the U.K.
Joy Jenkins & Pedro Jerónimo, 2021
How AI Is Reshaping Copyright Law and What It Means for the News Industry
Gretel Kahn / Reuters Institute, 2025
Journalism Needs Better Representation to Counter AI
Nichol Turner Lee & Courtney C. Radsch / Brookings, 2024
A Landscape Study of Local News Models Across America
Heidi Legg / Shorenstein Center, 2019
Is Australia's News Media Bargaining Code a Model for Saving Journalism?
Sacha Molitorisz & Monica Attard, 2024
Public Interest Journalism Startups in Europe
Attila Mong / MJRC, 2024
From Taxes to News: How Denmark Is Rethinking Public Funding for Private Publishers
Rasmus Kleis Nielsen / Reuters Institute, 2024
Newspapers Fact Sheet: Audience, Revenue, and Advertising Trends
Pew Research Center, 2024
Who Suffers When Local News Disappears
Kyle Pope / Columbia Journalism Review, 2018
Tech & Media Fair Compensation Frameworks Global Tracker
Courtney C. Radsch, Karina Montoya & Austin Ahlman / Center for Journalism & Liberty, 2025
Digital News Report 2025
Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, 2025
Political Consequences of the Endangered Local Watchdog
Meghan E. Rubado & Jay T. Jennings, 2020
Most People Think Local Journalism Is Financially Healthy. Here's the Troubling Reality.
Margaret Sullivan / The Washington Post, 2019
Impact Investment Enters the Chat
Adam Thomas / Nieman Journalism Lab, 2024
AI's War on Journalism Will Decide the Fate of the Free Press
Peter Vandermeersch / Euractiv, 2025
Local Journalism Sustainability Act
Steven Waldman / Rebuild Local News, 2024
Why It Matters

Why It Matters

The Crisis

The Crisis

Interventions

Interventions

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